Early Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a child communicates, socializes, and perceives their environment. Children with autism often progress through motor skills such as sitting, crawling, and walking at similar times as their peers, yet they may show differences in social interaction and language development.

Recognizing these early signs is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention. When noticed early and supported appropriately, children can show significant improvements in communication, attention, and learning skills.

Early Developmental Differences in Autism

During infancy and early childhood, children with autism may show the following differences:

• Delay in speech and language development
• Difficulty making eye contact or not responding to their name
• Low interest in social interaction or pretend play
• Differences in using gestures such as pointing or waving

These signs typically become more noticeable between 12 and 24 months.

What Is Joint Attention?

Joint attention is the ability of a child to look at an object or event while also maintaining eye contact with an adult. This skill is one of the foundational building blocks of social communication. In many children with autism, this skill may be delayed or may not develop spontaneously.

Examples of Joint Attention Development

• Around 12 months: Most children look at the object their parent points to and respond with a smile. Children with autism may not respond, causing parents to worry about hearing problems.
• Around 15 months: Children point to the item they want. A child with autism may instead take the parent’s hand and lead them to the item without making eye contact.
• Around 18 months: Children point to share interest (“Look, mom!”). Children with autism typically point only to request something, not to share interest.

Language Development and Differences in Autism

Most children with autism experience delays in speech and nonverbal communication. Some common signs include:

• Using words to label objects but not to express needs
• Echoing what they hear with the same tone (echolalia)
• Using language that sounds overly adult for their age
• Losing previously learned words between 15–24 months (regression)

These differences do not always mean autism, but they do warrant early evaluation.

Regression in Developmental Skills

About 25% of children diagnosed with autism may lose previously acquired language or social skills. This typically appears between 15–24 months. The child may become more withdrawn, use fewer words, and show less interest in social interaction.

Importance of Early Screening and Diagnosis

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends autism screening at 18- and 24-month well-child visits. Research shows that early therapies (behavioral, speech, developmental, or in some cases stem cell–supported therapies) significantly improve communication, attention, and learning abilities in children with autism.

A Reminder for Families

If you notice differences in your child’s speech, play, learning, movement, or behavior, consult your pediatrician without delay. Remember, you know your child best, and your observations matter. Early recognition and intervention make the greatest difference in your child’s development.